have you had a nosy coworker?

We hear a lot about nosy coworkers here — from the person who opened everyone’s paychecks to see what they earned to the pushy dietician who demanded people track and report their eating, and oh so many more. For some reason, some people think they can ask about your finances, your weight, your reproductive plans, your sex life, and all sorts of other things you might prefer not to share.

I want to hear about your nosiest coworker. What did they say or do? And how did you react?

I’ll use the best answers in an upcoming column (keeping you anonymous, of course), so please share in the comments!

employee is terrified of balloons, wife is hitchhiking to work, and more

It’s five answers to five questions. Here we go…

1. Employee is terrified of balloons

We are in an open plan office with 5 teams of 10-14 each, and with the World Cup we have been allowed to decorate. However, one of my direct reports has a phobia of balloons, and one of the other teams has put balloons up as part of their decorations. These balloons are over 15 meters away from my report’s desk and are hidden from her view from her desk by pillars in the centre of the floor, but as soon as she walked in at 8 am last Thursday she saw them. She approached the manager of the other team and requested they be removed, he refused. When I got in at 9, she told me she would work on another floor for today until the issue was resolved. (Work from home is not possible as she is required to log into a phone system to accept calls from our clients.) Her husband (who is at manager grade in another part of this office, while she is a caseworker) has approached the regional manager (3 grades above me) and told him that if they are not removed then she will be going off sick. They have not been removed. She has today (Tuesday) gone off sick. A second team has now put up balloons at the desk of my manager, who wants to make a case for them staying up on the basis of office morale.

Several of my other reports are now talking about the situation and saying that she’s being silly and she should face up to her fears, including one who wants us to have our own balloons, and others are making jokes about popping them near her. I keep telling them they need to be more compassionate about this coworker, reminding them that a phobia is a serious thing and that everybody has their own quirks, but I still keep hearing this talk around me. I’m just lost because nobody seems to be taking this seriously. I am a manager in the UK so I’m not looking for any legal or procedural advice’ I just want some advice on how to handle this difficult situation.

Insist on removing the balloons. Seriously. Regardless of anyone’s views on how silly this phobia might seem, the fact is that it’s a phobia for her, and balloons are not so integral to your business that it should be much of a question. You have a staff member who’s getting panicky about something that will be trivial for you to remove. Tell the other manager that you’re sorry but your employee’s ability to work trumps her team’s interest in decorating with balloons, and that you need to remove them, period.

And make it clearer to your team that you’re serious about them needing to cut the jokes and that what they’re doing is mean-spirited and not something you’re okay with on your team.

2. Employer wants job candidates to submit a photo — but not of themselves

I have found a posting for a customer service position that I am very interested in. It’s a small company that supplies a niche medical device and after doing some research on them (BBB, LinkedIn, Google), I was even more interested in the position. But as I was filling out the application, I got to this: “To apply and learn more, please submit your resume, cover letter, AND a photo or graphic (NO head shots, selfies, or pictures of family members, please) that represents why you are a good fit for this role.”

I know any posting asking for a photo of the applicant with the resume is a red flag/possibly illegal, but that doesn’t seem to be what they are asking for. But If they don’t want a photo of me, what are they looking for? Seems odd. What is your opinion? Would appreciate any feedback.

Well, even asking for head shots isn’t illegal. Creepy and weird (in the U.S.), but not illegal. And if a company asking for head shots ever faces a discrimination suit for other reasons, it won’t particularly help their case that they were doing it.

Anyway, as for what this company is looking for, who knows. I would not be a good fit for this role, clearly, because that request alone would make me not apply. So I’m not particularly helpful here, but I’m publishing your letter (a) because a commenter might have interesting thoughts for you and (b) because I hate this sort of crap and welcome the opportunity to say it.

3. Is it okay to contact a recruiter who’s late for a scheduled call?

I had a phone interview scheduled yesterday morning for 8 am. I parked at the Starbucks by my office to do the phone interview in my car, so that I wouldn’t have a problem running into coworkers and because I have terrible reception at my workplace. Also, it is close enough so that I could make it to the office around the usual time I clock in.

Almost 10 minutes had passed and I still did not hear from the recruiter, so I decided to give her a call. My phone reception is usually fine in the plaza where the Starbucks is located, but I was paranoid that maybe she had been trying to call me and for some reason the calls weren’t going through. So I decided to call her because if she was trying to contact me, I didn’t want her to think I had forgotten our appointment and that’s why I wasn’t picking up.

When she answered, I explained that I don’t get the best reception in my workplace and so I wasn’t sure if she was trying to call me for our scheduled 8 am phone interview. She said no, she had just been running a little late. I feel like I have now shot myself in the foot. I’m not sure if she thought I was being too aggressive, but honestly, I just wanted to honor our appointment time and to show that I am punctual. I feel like my intentions were in the right place, and the rest of the interview actually went well. She said she would pass my resume onto the hiring manager, so I took that as a good sign, but I haven’t heard back yet. Do you think I was being overly aggressive by taking the initiative to contact her when our scheduled time had passed? And just for future reference, should I always wait for the recruiter/hiring manager to contact me no matter how late they are for the phone interview?

No, that was fine to do. You would do that with a business colleague, right? It’s fine to do with a recruiter or hiring manager too.

4. My wife is hitchhiking to work

We live in a very small town 5 miles from my wife’s work and we rely on the very poor public transport that is available to us. The first bus gets her into work 10 minutes late, and so for the past year she has been hitching into work. This is not reliable and is extremely frustrating and potentially dangerous.

She works as a passenger assistant on a council bus that takes the disabled kids to school and back. Today her manager freaked out as she was unable to get a ride into work. He said that if it happens again, he will push gross misconduct and get her fired. The route that she works on was about to start later, but he moved her onto another early start route. Does an employer have a duty to take into consideration her circumstances? We have a ten-year-old daughter and desperately need this work. She has been learning to drive and has her driving test in 5 weeks’ time. She is suffering emotionally and physically due to the pressure and stress that this manager is putting on her. She is a dedicated and competent worker, continually being praised by parents and school.

Employers don’t have a legal obligation to make allowances for personal circumstances (aside from being required to make reasonable accommodations for disabilities, religion, and the like). And it’s not crazy that her manager is requiring that she show up to work on time, particularly given her role. However, she should certainly explain that she’s in the process of remedying the problem by getting her driver’s license, but that her test isn’t for another five weeks, and ask if she can be moved to a route with a later start time until that happens.

5. Resumes for food service and retail while you’re still in school

I’m 19, and while I technically have a job at the family business, it’s not one that I ever particularly wanted or was allowed to choose. So I’m trying to find another summer job.

As I’m 19 and my work experience is basically “high school,” “some college,” and “answering phones and filing for several summers,” I’m not sure how to apply your advice to my resume. I can’t really list accomplishments, because “did the things other didn’t want to do in the office” isn’t really one I think managers want to see. I’m also not sure how to put my school experience on it. Graduated high school with honors? Still in college? Should I put my GPA in that section?

Most of my options are going to probably be in retail or food, so I was just wondering how you would go about crafting a student resumé for that sort of thing.

Well, you probably aren’t going to need a resume for retail or food service jobs; they usually have you just fill out an application and don’t ask for a resume. But if you do want to put one together, you can absolutely include accomplishments from the types of jobs you described — “pinch-hit for office manager to help keep busy office of 20 running smoothly,” “regularly garnered unsolicited praise for ___,” or whatever it is that you did well.

No need to mention high school, but do list that your’e in college. List it like this:
Education
Teapots University – 2013 – present (expected graduation May 2017)

GPA should go on there if it’s high (I usually say 3.7 or higher), but otherwise no need for it.

why do interviewers ask about your favorite books or movies?

A reader writes:

I have a question about an interview that I’m pretty sure I bombed recently. Things were going fairly well until my interviewer asked me for my favorite book and favorite movie. I completely blanked and took way too long to answer, and I’m not even sure what I said for them (I think I said Little Women for the book). I spent so much time preparing to talk about my background and experiences and the job that I wasn’t prepared for more off-the-wall questions (my fault, I know).

My question is, what are interviewers looking for with these questions? I mean, obviously I guess they want someone who is intelligent, can think on their feet (which I did not do), and has varied interests, but how do you convey that with these types of answers? I can come up with an answer to the book question now (I’m planning to say I’ve been into Neil deGrasse Tyson’s books recently, because I have), but I’m stumped as far as movies in case I get asked this again. My movie tastes aren’t exactly sophisticated (Mean Girls? Boondock Saints? Fight Club? When Harry Met Sally?). Is this a question you find helpful or not?

I don’t ask these sorts of questions unless I’m really having trouble getting a sense of someone and am looking for ways to draw them out, and then I might – but some interviewers use them routinely. They’re mostly just looking to get a better sense of who you are — to flesh you out as a person who they’d be working with day in and day out rather than just as a resume and work history. Sometimes hearing that the guy who seemed shy and a little stiff actually loves Wes Anderson movies and Sarah Vowell can show a different side of him and make him more relatable.

Obviously, there still are bad answers. If you said Twilight, I’d wonder about your judgment for saying it in an interview — although it wouldn’t stop me from hiring you if you were otherwise great (but 50 Shades of Grey might). But generally answers to these questions fall in the “mildly interesting but not terribly important” category.

Say it with confidence and genuine enthusiasm, and you’re probably fine. People who are passionate about things are interesting.

That said, are there interviewers who have rigid ideas about what answers are okay here and which aren’t, and who will read all sorts of things into your response? Sure. But that’s true of most interview questions.

Personally, for movies I’d probably go with, “I’m not sure about a favorite, but I recently saw ____ and loved it. Have you seen it?” (Fill in the blank with something of reasonable quality.) And for books, I’d go with “I’m currently reading ___ and I just finished ___” or “I tend to read a lot of (fill in genre here) and recently finished ____.” Of course, some genres are safer than others — some people have weird biases against sci-fi and fantasy, and obviously don’t say romance. But historic fiction, contemporary fiction, nonfiction, biographies, 18th century British novels are all fine.

Overall, though, I just wouldn’t read too much into the question or stress too much over your answer.

stop attending so many meetings

If you’re like many people, you sometimes feel like you spend more time sitting in meetings than you spend doing actual work. If meetings are swallowing up all your time and leaving you without much room for the job you’ve been hired to do, it’s time to take steps to take back your calendar. Here’s how.

1. Start critically evaluating every meeting invitation you get. There’s something about a meeting invite that seems to compel people to accept – even if the items being discussed at the meeting are much lower priorities than the work you would otherwise be spending that time on. Instead of continuing to fall into that trap, ask yourself this about every meeting invitation you receive: “Is this the best way I could be spending that time, relative to the other priorities on my plate?” If the answer is no, consider declining or at least pushing for a shorter meeting time. You can say things like this:

  • “I’d love to attend, but I’m swamped this week with X and Y. Can you move forward without me? If not, maybe we can schedule it later on this month.” (Much of the time when you say this, the person will find a way to move forward without you.)
  • “My biggest priorities right now are X and Y. Could I get notes from the meeting afterwards rather than attending?”
  • “My biggest priorities right now are X and Y. Could I send you some quick notes on this topic and bow out of the meeting itself?”
  • “I think we can cover this in 30 minutes rather than an hour. Okay if we plan on that?”

2. If you think bowing out of meetings won’t go well, talk with your boss ahead of time. Say something like this: “I need more time to focus on X, Y, and Z, and I’m spending 15 hours in meetings every week — almost two full work days. So unless you object, I’m going to excuse myself from meetings if it starts to seem like the discussion isn’t essential to me.”

3. Make sure that you’re not contributing to the problem. Before scheduling a meeting, ask yourself: Is this something that could be just as easily conveyed in a memo or email? Is this a discussion that requires back-and-forth or just information-sharing (which could be done without a meeting)?  Who really needs to be there? Should it be optional or mandatory?

4. Work to change your office’s meeting culture. You’re probably not the only person in your office spending too much time in meetings, and your colleagues might welcome an effort to change this. You might suggest:

  • Using meetings only when group discussion is required, not simply for updates that could be communicated another way.
  • Always requiring a meeting agenda, as well as clear starting and ending times.
  • Requiring clear statements about what outcomes the meeting is designed to achieve. (If someone isn’t sure, they should cancel the meeting until they know.)

parents who call in sick for their kids, interviewers who ask questions already answered on your resume, and more

It’s five answers to five questions. Here we go…

1. What to say to parents who call in sick for their kid (or want to know why their kid was fired)

I have frequently had young employee’s parents contacting me to call in sick for their child or to ask me why their child has been terminated/ask me to re-hire their child. I am absolutely frustrated with this. Do you have any advice or best practices for this?

I sure do. Similar to the advice I gave recently about being contacted by parents job-searching on their kids’ behalf, you should refuse to engage. That means saying:
* “I can’t discuss personnel information with someone other than the employee.” (when they want to know why their kid was fired)
* “We’d need her to contact us directly if that’s something she’s interested in.” (when they want you to hire their kid)
* “Oh my goodness, is she hospitalized? …. No? Then I really need her to contact me herself.” (when they call in sick on their kid’s behalf — you can also relay this one to the employee directly the next time you talk)

2. Why do interviewers ask me about jobs that are already described in detail on my resume?

For prescreening calls and at interviews, whoever I’m talking to always mentions they’ve read my resume and they then ask me to briefly tell them about what I did at the jobs listed on my resume. I’ve done a bunch of similar internships, and I feel like my resume conveys what I’ve done straightforwardly and in detail, so I’m not sure what else they’re expecting to hear about, and I always feel stupid answering because I mostly just rush through repeating a few things from my resume. Any tips on how to answer this question? Would it be okay to just ask, “Is there something specific you saw on my resume that you’d be interested in hearing more about?”

No. That will come across as … not difficult, exactly, but not particularly easy either. They just want you to answer their question. It’s fine if you repeat information listed on your resume; they’re probably assuming that you will. They just want to hear about those jobs in your own words, not in the carefully selected language that you crafted for your resume.

3. Mentioning family’s line of work in a cover letter

I’m in the throes of my post-grad school job search and have read pretty much everything on your site about cover letters, and have taken it to heart. I’m about to apply for a job at a multi-national PR firm, and have a question about the appropriateness of including a mention of my family’s business in the cover letter (that sounds so foreboding and mafia-esque). My academic/work background is in public policy, not marketing or PR. However, my father and mother own a marketing and PR firm, my aunt owns her own PR firm, and my grandfather was in advertising. Is making some pithy reference to this a good way to engage the reader and maybe bolster a resume lacking direct experience, or is it just totally inappropriate? I feel like I’ve written so many cover letters over that last month that I don’t trust my judgment any longer.

Inappropriate/irrelevant, unless you’ve worked for those businesses.

4. When to mention adoption-related maternity leave

My husband and I are pursuing an adoption of our daughter’s half sibling, due to be born in three months. I’m currently interviewing for jobs, but I’m unsure how — or if — I should tell potential employers about our situation and the possibility of needing a 6-week maternity leave sometime in the fall. (I say possibility because nothing is certain when it comes to adoption.) When do you think I should share the news?

Once you have an offer. At that point, you can explain the situation and try to negotiate the leave (since you won’t be covered by FMLA before having worked there a year).

5. New coworker’s title sounds more senior than mine, but she’s not

I was hired three weeks ago in a position that was created specifically for my skills. I had applied for a “coordinator” role, but it turned out that the actual position was much more administration than strategic, so the role was redefined. As a result, the title was changed to “specialist” and I am working directly under the head of department implementing strategy.

However, this left a gap in the team for an entry-level employee to handle department administration and to support my role and the team generally. The job description was written, the parameters were set (extremely entry-level, low salary), and yet the original title was kept: “coordinator.”

Which brings me to my concern! I’m worried that in the hierarchy of this company, the entry-level employee will be perceived as senior to me simply by inheritance of the title. All other departments are headed by a “coordinator” mid-career, and they are my equivalent across departments. The new employee is a graduate with incredibly limited admin experience, and their role is purely as an assistant. I guess what I’m asking is whether or not this is something I should bring up, especially as I’m only three weeks in. I don’t want to appear title-obsessed, but I am worried that this junior will (on paper and to the outside world) look like my superior. What do you think?

Eh, I’d let it go. I can see why you’re thinking about this, but I do think it would come across as overly status focused. Ultimately, unless it’s getting in the way of you being able to do your job and get what you need from others, or if it’s truly causing confusion, you’re not in a strong position to argue this, especially as someone new to the company. Moreover, they hired this other person with the promise of a particular title; switching it on her now to make her sound more junior would be kind of crappy.

And I wouldn’t worry about the outside world. I don’t think anyone really sees a major difference between “specialist” and “coordinator.”

my employee constantly cries when things don’t go her way

A reader writes:

I have an employee who cries very often (more than once a week). Anytime any small thing happens that she perceives as a slight or that doesn’t go her way, she starts crying and talks about how wronged she is. Even in neutral staff meetings where we are discussing seemingly inconsequential things, this is a nearly constant problem. It’s causing other workers to feel manipulated and bullied. I’ve tried every response I can think of, and I have probably been overly patient with what has now become a serious disruption to doing business. We’ve talked about professionalism and she says that she can’t help it. What can I do to stop the madness?

I suppose it’s possible that she can’t help the crying (although at that frequency, I’m very skeptical), but she sure as hell can help the part where she’s talking about how wronged she is. And because she’s clearly BSing you on that part, I’m not inclined to take her seriously on any of it. And you’ve got to put a stop to it, because it’s disruptive to your operations, impacting your other staff members, and signaling to your whole staff that this kind of thing is tolerated there, which is a very bad signal to send about your culture.

I’d say something like this to her: “When you react so strongly, it’s disruptive and makes it difficult for us to move forward with our work. I need you to stop having emotional outbursts at work. Can you do that?”

From there, I’d start cutting the behavior off as soon as it starts. If she starts crying in a meeting, tell her calmly, “Why don’t you excuse yourself for a few minutes?” If she can’t regain her composure, suggest she take some PTO and return tomorrow. But don’t subject the rest of your staff to her crying and accusations.

Additionally, you should treat “calm and professional demeanor” as a job requirement like any other. If she continues to not meet the bar you’ve laid out for her in that area, then you’d set and enforce consequences.

What those consequences are will depend on whether this is ultimately a deal-breaker for you, but could start with a stern conversation with you the next time it happens, and could end up anywhere from impacting her performance evaluations and raises to letting her go if the behavior is disruptive enough. (And given the language in your short paragraph here — “constant problem,” “causing other workers to feel manipulated and bullied,” serious disruption to doing business” — I’m thinking it is indeed disruptive enough to warrant letting her go if her behavior is unresponsive to your feedback.)

Read an update to this letter here.

signs your team isn’t communicating well

When teams communicate well, you usually know it: Work flows smoothly, people are in sync, everyone’s clear on priorities, and bad surprises are rare. But when a team isn’t communicating effectively, those things tend to fly out the window. Yet surprisingly, poorly communicating teams don’t always recognize that that’s the source of the problem.

Here are four signs that your team isn’t communicating effectively – and that you need to revisit the way you work together.

1. Work is coming back to you differently than what you’d envisioned. When this is happening, two culprits are likely: First, you’re probably not doing enough work on the front-end to ensure that you and the person you’re delegating to are on the same page – which usually means spending more time talking through the details and what a successful outcome will look like. (For instance, rather than just saying, “The web page should look inviting and modern,” actually looking together at sites that have the feel you’re going for is more likely to ensure you’re both envisioning the same thing.) Second, with longer-term projects, you should be checking in along the way in order to get a feel for how the work is progressing and avoid any gaps in what you’re envisioning and what’s actually happening.

2. Deadlines are being missed. If deadlines are being missed, then either your staff didn’t understand the deadline and its importance in the first place, or they don’t believe you take deadlines seriously. The latter will happen if you don’t take deadlines seriously yourself, and/or if there aren’t consequences for missing deadlines. (Even a simple “what happened?” conversation with you can communicate that deadlines need to be taken seriously.)

3. You don’t trust that work is being carried out correctly. If you don’t trust your team to do their work well, there’s a problem. It might be that you’re not delegating well to begin with (see #1 above), or that you’re not checking in enough to feel confident about how work is progressing (or to course-correct early on if it’s needed), or it might be that there’s a performance issue on your team that you need to address – but generally a lack of trust in your team’s work is a serious flag that something isn’t working and you, as the team’s manager, need to make a change.

4. If you asked your team members what the most important things for them to accomplish this month/quarter/year, their answers wouldn’t match yours. Little is more important for employees to understand than what success in their roles would look like, but it’s incredibly common for managers to neglect to do the work of spelling that out. As a result, employees often have one idea about what’s most important for them to achieve (and thus what they should prioritize and spend time on) while their managers believe something else entirely.

I accepted a job without finding out the salary, my colleague works 24-7, and more

It’s five answers to five questions. Here we go…

1. I accepted a job without finding out the salary

After three years of temporary and part-time jobs, I have finally been offered my first professional full-time job since graduating college. They gave me a salary range before the interview, and I said the range was fine. On Friday, the head of the department I’d be working in called to offer me the job and said that discussion of salary/benefits would be with his boss. I asked for a little bit of time to think it over, and quickly decided to take it. I wasn’t able to reach them by phone, so I emailed them both and said I’d be happy to take the position. (I was a little paranoid that they’d change their mind, so I didn’t play it as cool as I should have.) The boss replied and said they were happy to have me on board and that the department head would be in touch. However, they still haven’t offered me a specific salary or benefits package.

Since I already said I would love to take the job, am I still in a position to negotiate? I know them well and trust them to be fair, but I’m not sure which end of the range they’ll offer me. (They know I’m a quick learner with a pretty unique range of skills, but there are aspects of the job that I will be learning as I go.) It’s a grant-funded position, if that makes any difference.

I don’t know what’s up with companies doing this — there’s no job offer unless there’s a salary attached to it. They put you in a weird position by offering you a job without being ready to discuss salary — but you also shouldn’t have accepted without having that nailed down. (But I understand why you did, given your situation!)

You don’t really have much negotiating power at this point since they already know you’re accepting regardless, but you can certainly try. Reach out right now and say, “I’m excited about coming on board, but also a little uneasy finalizing things when we haven’t discussed salary. Can we nail that down this week?” Then, if the salary comes back low, you could try saying, “I was hoping for something closer the mid-part of your range — do you have any flexibility?” (I wouldn’t try for the high part of the range in this situation, especially since it’s your first professional job since college, which means that the lower or mid point is probably reasonable.)

Read an update to this letter here.

2. My colleague works around the clock and I’m concerned it will impact management’s idea of realistic workload

Upfront I want to say I realize it’s going to look like I’m just jealous of my colleague, and honestly I haven’t entirely worked out all my feelings, so there is probably some of that at play. I genuinely like the person, but at times I find they can come off as a bit of a martyr. The scenario is this: My colleague has taken it upon themselves to continually take on a larger and larger volume of work than I or anyone else in my role. I recently found out, through conversation with them, that they accomplish this by working hours and hours of unpaid (also not approved) overtime — apparently by staying late, bringing work home to work until 1 in the morning, and also often on weekends. I have no way to know for sure how many hours they are working, as this is just based on what they told me. I work my hours and often extra, like many, but nothing to this extent. Apparently this person doesn’t have any management aspirations; they just like the work and don’t have any familial responsibilities. There is no financial compensation for unapproved overtime. We’re both full-time, federal government for what it’s worth.

My concern is management may come to believe this is an acceptable volume of work to be managed by one person. I previously always exceeded expectations for my position, and I believe still do, but don’t compared to this colleague. I do have management aspirations, eventually. Should management be made aware of what it’s taking to produce these results? My instinct tells me it is important for planning purposes for management to know what’s a realistic workload for a normal number of hours for any position, but at the same time it would feel like gossiping to bring it up, and comes across as self-serving (which, admittedly it is to an extent).

This comes down to the relationship you have with your boss and how good you are at relaying information that isn’t strictly your business (on the surface, at least). Some people can do that really well and it comes across as collegial, helpful, information-sharing, and other people suck at it and it comes across as involving themselves where they don’t belong. But as someone who’s generally good at it, I’d say, “It’s occurred to me to wonder if the fact that Jane works so much overtime on nights and weekends will eventually impact our team’s norms around what’s considered realistic productivity. Do you think that’s anything worth worrying about?” (Also, you have to be someone who has high productivity yourself to say this; if you’re not, this will never fly.)

Read an update to this letter here.

3. Salary and promotion clusterf*ck

A position opened up in a supervisory/leadership role with my organization, where I’ve been employed for about 12 years. I let my bosses know that I was interested. Shortly after talking with me about it, it came out that other employees were interested in the job, so as an act of “fairness,” I was asked to apply for the position. I was assured that this was not an attempt to find a better candidate, and all of the other leadership personel told me they wanted me for the job.

I went through the interview process, and over the weekend I was asked over the phone by my immediate supervisor (who is not my future boss) if I was interested in accepting the position. I told her that I was, but that I would need to sign a salary agreement before I could officially accept. This is due to the fact that the initial offer is significantly below what I currently make. I arrived at work today to learn that an interoffice memo announced that I have accepted the position! Worse still, I’m receiving congratulations from team-members and coworkers agency wide, and HR says that they cannot negotiate my salary. I believe this was an honest mistake; (my [future?] boss is new), but she isn’t available for comment until several days from now.

What do I tell me coworkers (if anything) over the ensuing days? Should I proceed with salary negotiation as usual? Is there any way to save face here if I have to turn down an inadequate offer?

Well, this is a mess. If you said that you just wanted to “sign a salary agreement” before “officially accepting,” I can see where the misunderstanding came from. That sounds like you just wanted to confirm everything in writing; that’s a very different thing that asking for a different salary. No wonder they thought you accepted — I might have too!

I’d contact HR and the prospective manager for the new position ASAP and say, “I’m so sorry, I think there’s been a miscommunication. While I’m very interested in the position, I wanted to talk about the salary before accepting it. The proposed salary is less than I currently make now. I can’t accept it if it’s a pay cut, and I’m hoping for something closer to $___. I’m not sure what happened, but I told Jane when we talked this weekend that I wanted to nail down salary before accepting.”

4. Do employers have to provide job descriptions?

Do employers need to have job descriptions for their employees? My company doesn’t have them…at least not for my role and it makes it very difficult for me to understand what is expected of me.

Need, as in legally required? No. But it’s a good idea to do it, because you want people to be aligned with their employer about what their role is, what’s important, and what isn’t.

Why don’t you write up your understanding of your role and what your big priorities are for this year and ask your boss if it looks right to her? Use that as a jumping off point to get aligned on what she wants your role to look like and to spot any areas where you’re operating with different assumptions.

5. Email subject lines when reaching out for a reference

I have a question regarding what you would put in the email’s subject line when you’re reaching out to a former employer, instructor, etc. I’m wary of putting too much information into the subject, overcrowding it – but I also don’t want to oversimplify things and just put something like “Hello” in there. I kind of felt something like “reference request” would be a little too strong, too (especially in emails just letting them know I’m applying with their organization, and I leave the decision to endorse me or not up to them). What do you think would be the best approach? Am I overthinking this?

You are indeed overthinking this. Anything that sums up the topic of your email in a few words is fine (and yes, “hello” is not ideal). For instance, you could write “applying to teapot maker job with Teapots Inc.” when you’re not directly requesting a reference and “request for a reference” when you are (it’s not too strong at all; it’s totally normal — and useful for them to see that).

my employer wants me to repay business expenses because I’m resigning

I know we covered a similar topic recently, but this is a whole new and ridiculous twist on it.

A reader writes:

I’m leaving my company after five years. A couple years ago, management instituted a policy requiring employees pay the company back for any professional development (conferences, etc.) that occurs within six months of resignation. My question concerns what means they actually have to collect this. Given the fact that I was sent abroad for several weeks earlier this spring, it’s a pretty substantial sum (~$2,000). Can I just not pay them back?

Here’s the policy for your reference (amended slightly for privacy reasons): “Periodically, employees will visit program site(s) relevant to their advising duties to gain first-hand experience and become better prepared to promote the site(s) to students, parents, and universities. In the event an employee resigns within a designated period of time after the site visit, the employee will be responsible for refunding the cost of the airline ticket. If the flight is purchased on miles, the employee will be required to refund the face value of the same flight in USD. The period of time after the site visit will be determined by the employee’s manager, and will be agreed upon between the manager and employee prior to purchasing the flight. Typically, the length of time is six months, but can vary based on the timing of the visit and/or the employee’s responsibilities resulting from the site visit training incentive. Repayment of the airline ticket cost is due within thirty (30) days of the employee’s effective end date.”

Any insight you might be able to provide about how best to handle this would be greatly appreciated!

This is craziness. This is far crazier than the letter a few months ago about an employer that wanted a resigning employee to reimburse them for the costs of a future conference he had signed up for. That was wrong too, but at least that was partly professional development for the employee’s own sake. In your case, they want you to reimburse them for site visits, which sound like they happen exclusively to help you do your job better — not for more professional development or anything like that. This is like saying “You have to pay back all your meal costs from any client lunches you had as part of your job” or “You need to reimburse us for the cost of providing you with office space.” In other words, you were doing the activity as part of your job; it shouldn’t be something anyone should even think about having you reimburse.

Since the policy says that you and your manager have to agree on what that period of time will be when you book the plane ticket, people should all just refuse to go unless the period of time is zero days, pointing out that no one can predict what the future holds (you could have to resign for health reasons or a family emergency, after all) and that you’re not willing to incur that financial obligation in order to carry out your job responsibilities.

But as for what to do now, assuming it’s too late for that: Unless they have a written agreement with you where you agreed to pay this money back, I don’t think there’s anything they can do to collect it. After all, you can’t just announce that someone needs to reimburse you for random things they never agreed to. Otherwise, I too would like to give you an invoice for some made-up amount owed to me.

They suck.

(Also, it’s too bad you’re not in California for this one. They require employers must reimburse employees for “all necessary expenditures or losses incurred by the employee in direct consequence of the discharge of his or her duties, or of his or her obedience to the directions of the employer,” so there wouldn’t even be any question.)

I suggest you explain to them that you’re not able to reimburse the company for normal costs of doing business, but that you wish them well. And if they try to withhold the money from your final check (which I don’t think they will, since their policy allows 30 days to pay this non-debt, but you never know), then you should go immediately to your state department of labor to intervene. State law requires them to give you your final paycheck, in full, by a certain number of days*. Penalties are usually attached if they don’t.

* To find out the specific law in your state, Google your state name and “final paycheck law.”

Read an update to this letter here.

how much time should you spend on your job search?

How much time should you spend on your job search? You’ll get a range of answers depending on who you ask, but one popular answer that you’re likely to hear repeated is that a job search should be a full-time job itself.

If you’re like a lot of job-searchers, you’ve probably heard that with bewilderment and concern – and wondered if you’re doing yourself a disservice because you’re not spending 40 hours a week applying to jobs.

The reality is, though, that job-searching isn’t really going to be a full-time job for most people, so there’s no need to feel guilty for not racking up the hours.

The amount of time that your job search will take is something that varies dramatically from field to field, and from person to person. If you’re fairly junior in your career and are applying to a wide range of jobs, it’s possible that networking, writing cover letters, tailoring your resume, and wrestling with convoluted online application systems could take up a significant portion of your time. Even then, though, it probably doesn’t need to be anything approaching 40 hours a week. On the other hand, if you’re more senior or specialized, or if you’re simply in a field where there aren’t a ton of openings, it’s more likely to be impossible – or at least impractical – to spend that much time on your search.

And because of this wide variation, telling people that their search should be a full-time job, without regard for their situation, is a bad move, one that’s guaranteed to make people feel like they’re not doing enough and to get them anxious about what else they should be doing, when in fact they might already be doing exactly what they should be doing. It’s not useful advice, and we as a society should collectively resolve to stop repeating it.

If you are actually spending 40 hours a week on a job search, it’s worth taking a step back to regroup. If that time is paying off for you – if you’re getting interviews and getting close to jobs offers – then great. Carry on!  But if you’re not getting many interviews despite the time you’re putting in, take another look at how you’re spending the time. While it might sound counterintuitive, the problem might actually be that you’re applying for too many jobs. If you’re taking a scattershot approach and applying for everything that you seem remotely qualified for, your chances of getting interviews goes down – because employer can usually spot the candidates who are resume-bombing rather than targeting their search.

Instead, go for quality over quantity. Focus in on the essentials: applying only for jobs that are truly a strong match, writing compelling cover letters that are customized for each opening, having a resume that focuses on your achievements rather than just responsibilities, and making sure you’re tapping into your network.

Additionally, aside from direct job search activities, there are other things you can be doing with the rest of your time that will help with your search in a broader sense:

  • Volunteering will expand your network and give you something to talk about when interviewers ask what you’ve been doing with your time. But more importantly, job searching – and unemployment in particular – can be emotionally draining, and seeing an organization value you and your work can be restorative. Plus, it comes with the added bonus of doing good in the world.
  • Reconnecting with former coworkers, old bosses, and other networking contacts, as well as friends who you’ve fallen out of touch with. This is a good thing to do in general, because having a strong network puts you in a better position to hear about job leads, get strong recommendations, and be able to find people connected to the places you’re interviewing or would like to interview.
  • Becoming active in professional organizations in your fieldJoin industry associations or other professional affiliation groups in your city (such a young professionals group or an organization for local alumni of your college), and show up at their events. Consider taking on a leadership role, too, which will help you build your network, get interesting experience to either put on your resume or talk about in interviews, and potentially build your skills as well.

I originally published this at U.S. News & World Report.